Radio signaling system



April 18, 1933. H'TAYLOR 1,904,772

RADIO SIGNALING SYSTEM I Filed Oct. 23. 1930 c IN VEN TOR. MM 36 0/2/ 0,

I l I TTORNEY imam H. use, on wnsnrnororrrmsrmoriba oonomnm, Siemens Patented Apr. 1 8, 1933 RADIO, INC 0]? YORK, 1N. Y., ACORPQRATION '1 nAnIo" smmt ai ys'mr l Application n afoctober 23, i930. Swirnlaaojzs.

My invention relates broadly to radio signaling systems and more particularly to a high frequency radio receiving system having means forreducing' the efiects of fading."

One'of the objects of my invention'isto provide a radio receiving, circuit adapted to simultaneously Tre'ceive signaling energy in a multiplicity of planes of polarization for avoiding the effects ofiading: in radio com munication. p

Another objectf-of my invention is to pro; vide a signal receiving system having means responsiveto received si naling energy. in

dependently 0f the variation 'in reoeiving conditions under the effected? fadn'g for uni formly receiving the signaling energy;

'A'ff-urther object of my invention is torprovide' a receivingfsystein {havin'g radio firequency energy collectors extending a plurality ofdirections' for intercepting the transmit-ted energy in di'fi'ering' planes of polari-za tion and impressing the receivedenergy upon a multiplicity of rece vlng ClI'Clll'tS for the reception of signaling-energy uniformly and a Without regard to the effects of fading. Astill further object or myinventionis to provide an arrangement of receiving circuitfor the simultaneous reception and; integration of'signalingenergy received in shifting planes of polarization for rendering the resultant signaling energy efiective Lao- 2 nearby hut-difierenfly arranged antennae or V on similarly arranged but somewhat separated antennae do'not fade insynchronis'm.

There arethree general causes Offadi-I igf.

first, a shifting of the'plane of polar'iaation of thereceived signal ;"second, a variationof 1 interference pat'tern "between differently re fracted rays from "the same sta-tion source when these rays arrive fooincidently latthe receiving, xantenn-aj and "third, varying changes in absorption conditions; It is' di fficult to say'vvhich'of these causes isthemost' important but it does seemdikely that the first two are importance;

He retofore af combin tion of difi'erently 'spaced and arranged antennae have been em+ ployed forthe' purpose of reducing fading eifects. My invention employs a single not work which is Capable of receiving and 'iSo ization, which two t synchronously.

' Referrinjg'to Fig; 1, af-spaceveetor is sh'ovvn ;vvherein the Z axis extends 'in, the

verticaldirection with themutual lyperpena dicular a'xesX and -Y disposed in {theFhorig zontal direction with the X-axis pointing fromthe receiver toWa-rdsthe transmitting station. electric"forcearriving atfth'e receiving location at any instant :of timeniay be represented by a vector which in general does not coincide with any aiiis and has pro:

three ofithese 1 axes. I The direction of progpredominantiand of about-equal Iail ingsignalsoftwo diifeie r yp bt p jecti-onsshownby the dotted"liHesaIongaH w l so ressof the wave frontis indicated hyFthe' Y solid linedrawn perpendicular to'the vector.-

Thisfli-ne'will" in general he inclined towards j horizontaldirection X but in the XZ plane. .v

The reason this line 'isincfl'ined' is because in general high frequency signals are-reflected] from the VKennelly-Heaviside layer making' an angle intermediate between vertical andr h-orizontal. The higher the ,frequency the more likely theivave fronts "of 'thesignals are to v be nearer the horizontal." It will be seen therefore that in general the electric force of the signal h'ascomponents along all three ingly shifted,

1 Fig. 2' shows a system consisting of two parallel conductors 1 and 2 which may be several wave lengths in length connected 8 through resistances '3 -and 4 at the, end towards the transmitting station, withthe cen- I wires 7,8,9,10,11,12,13,1 1,15 and 16 in the ter 5 of these resistances grounded as shown at 6. At half wave length intervals along these two wires and-2 are-connected lateral Y direction, which are adjusted tobe one-half 7 wave length in'leng'th, that is, one half of the wavelength of the wave which is-being received; The lateralconductors may also be spaced by odd multiplesof half a wave length, Thebridging inductance shown at 17 near the receiver is forv the purpose of adjusting the, impedance of the transmission line system indicated at 18am]. 19. The inductance 17-is shiftable alongthe transmission line 18 and 119by slidable taps shown at 17a-and 17b.

The transmission line then runs in the direction X while the lateral conductors-,willbe f considered as running in the direction Y. A

' of half wave length elements, This results receiver 20 is coupled to the end of the transmission line 18 and 19 by means of coupling transformer 21; I Now the horizontal Y component of the downcoming wave will not work-at all. on the transmission lines 18 and 19 which run inathe X direction but it will work on the, half wave length lateral conductors 57-16 inclusivewhich feed {their fen a such receivers, the operat'or wearing a single ergy' to. the transmission lines[18jand- 19, establishing waves thereon which-will'bebuilt up or improve'd in value by consecutive pairs in a flow of high frequency wave currents in the transmission line system so i that the receiver20receives and operates on theenergy of thisjrhorizontalY component ofjsignal;

For this method. of operation a the phases of the two sides in the. transmission lines 18 and 19' are always opposite 'as 7 indicated by the arrows adj aeent each transmissionline wire. Thesystem 1s dlrectlve lnzthej X d rect on,

In the, meantime, however, currents of similar phase-are set up in the transmission wires s 18 and 19 themselves due tovthe X component off the signal which will act equally on both wires. j These currents are tapped off :at the midpoint or nodal point 22 of the primary'inductance 21a at the receiverend of the transmissionlines18 and 19 and broughtto ground 23 through another inductance'24 which may becollpled to a second receiver 25.

' "It is clear then that th transm ssion lines 18 and 19 themselves will .collect the X component and will deliver it to the receiver 25 output of only two telephones.

on the way to the ground 23 through coupling coil 24 and that this system also will be directive in the direction X. It will be observed that since the center 22 ofthe induc-f tance 21a across the receiver end of the transmission lines is a neutral-point the wave energy due to the Y component will not be led into receiver 25. Also, since 'thesurg'e currents in the direction X are of v thesame phase in each transmission wire 18 and 19, as indicated by the dotted arrows in the center, the X component signals @will cancel out in the coupling 21ar'21b to receiver 20. -It ma therefore be observed that the receiver 20 respondsto the Y component and the-receiver v25 to the-X component ofthe signal. It has beenjdefinitely proved that these two com- ,X axis. In other words, the lateral conduce tors may be made to run in theZ direction justas readily as in the Y direction, In this casethe receiver- 20 will -respond to the vertica'l or Z component of the signalwhereas the receiver 25 will'still respond to the X component' V 1 g I:

Operation of thesystemf'o'f my invention shows that there is quitea distinct gaini as far as fadingis concerned the use of two teleph'one'27 connected withlthe outputiof;

receiver 20 on the 'leftearand a single teleg phone 28 connected-withthe receiver 25 on the right ear. 3 Of coursean' apparent binaural effect ispresent; that is, when differential fading; occurs the signal seems to of these systems directive in the X or signal direction and responsive to the X and Z components, together. with anothersystemworking on the verticalcomponents, but this isonly applicable to automatic recording and not to aural reception which is limited bycthe ability of the operatortolisten to the ,While I have described my mentions one of its preferred embodiments I desire y that it be understood that modifications may be made and that no limitations upon my in- I m sc mega Q a vention are intended other than areimposed ductors, a plurality of laterallyiextending "ductors in shifting planes of polarization.

conductors connectedto each of said longitudinal conductors at spaced intervals along the length thereofand projecting normal thereto, said laterally projecting conductors being spaced a distance apart equal to substantially one-half of the received wave length, a primary inductance disposed in series with said longitudinally extending conductors, a receiving circuit coupled with said primary inductance, a connection between a nodal point in said primary inductance and through an independent primary inductance to ground, a separate receiving-i circuit coupled with said independent primary inductance, and means connected with each of said receiving circuits forintegrat ing the effects of the received signaling energy of said conductors in shifting planesof polarization.

2. In a signal receiving system, a pair of longitudinally extending conductors, a primary inductance connected in series'between said conductors, impedance elements con: nected to the opposite ends of said conductors and connected to ground, a multiplicity of laterally extending conductors connected at one-half wavelength intervals'along said longitudinally extending conductors, separate receiving circuits connected with said conductors and means connecting the out puts of said receiving circuits for'integrat ing the. efiects of the received energy mter-V cepted by said laterally and longitudinally extended conductors in shifting planes "of polarization. a

3. In a signal receiving system, an antenna comprising a pair of longitudinally extending conductors, a primary inductance connected in series between said conductors,

impedanceelementsconnected to the ends of said conductors and connected to ground, lat

erally extending conductors connectedat one-half wave length intervals along sald longitudinally extending conductors, a re-' ceiving circuit coupled to said primary in; ductance, a separate receiving circuit, means connecting said separate receiving circult between a nodal point in saidprimary inductance and the ground,- and means connected with the outputs of each of said receiving.

circuits for integrating the effects of signaling energy intercepted by each of said con ductors, a primary inductance connected in a grixtmd aiatcra lly nuance-ted? at ionelialtw'tvaue ilength -along parallelextendingnconduotors; a meoeiwingci-rciii't coupled: to-isaid primuzryzin- 1 ,-.a zsepaazateireloeiving 'cir.cuit,s;mea ns snomiectrrngsaidseparatereceiwing'circniztihe c aweem nodalepointin primaryinduct; tance Ean-d theggromid,;aabridg inggimpedamce I adjustable to selected positionssalong; painalle'li extendiligiicbiiductors, and ;means I. connectedwith 'theoutputs of eachof said" receiving circuits for integrating theeffects of signaling energy intercepted by each of a said conductors in shifting planes of polarization. I V

- 5. In a signal receiving system,a pair of: substantially parallel primary conductors, a pluralityof auxiliary conductors extending v normally from each of saidparallel primary conductorsat spaced intervals equal to sub- "stantially half of the received wave length, theauxiliary conductors of one of said primary conductors extending from their 7 primary conductor opposite-to the direction 5 in which the auxiliaryconductors of the-" 7 other' of said primary conductors extend from'their primary conductor, circuit elements connecting together the adjacent ends -l ofsaid primary conductors, a' pair ofreceivconductors in the same direction, meansffor F 9 electrically relating the other-of said 'receiving units with said primary conductors for actuation by the sum of the currents in said parallel primary conductors flowing in the same direction, 'whereby one of said refi d p ceiving units is actuated by energy absorbed a by said auxiliary conductorsandthevother of said receiving units is actuated by energy absorbed by Said primary conductors.

6; In a signal receiving system, a pair-of 13210 substantially parallel primary conductors, a plurality of auxiliary conductors extending normally from eachof said parallel primary" conductors at spaced intervals equal to substantially'half of the received wavelength, 1315" I the auxiliary conductorsf of one of said primary conductors extending from their primary conductor opposite tothe direction inwhichthe auxiliary conductors of theother e of said primary conductors extend from thein f primary conductor, saidauxiliary conductors. being equal in lengt'h to substantially half f of the wave length of the received wave,.cir-f cuit elements connecting together the adja cent ends of said primaryconductors, a'p'airafi I I of receiving units, means for electrically relating one of said receiving units withvsaid primary conductors for actuation by the difference of the currents flowing in said a parallel primary conductors in the same -I'directiongmeans foi"electi'ically relatingthe I ,otheraof: qsaid y'ieceiviiig units Lwithssaid 7 primary conductors for actuation bythe sum 1 V ofthecinrents in said-parallel primary con- 5 ductors' flowing inthe s aniedi'rection, whereyby neof. said receiving units is actuated by 1 V -energy absorbed by saidauxiliaryiconductors I and theotheig ofsaid receiving units-is;

actuated by ene COIidllCtOIS.

i'gy abso'rbedzby 7 said 5 primary Y ALBERT :H; AY OR; I 

